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<languages> |
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{{Navbox |
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|name = Language families |
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|title = [[List of language families|Primary language families]] |
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|listclass = hlist |
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|state = {{{state|<includeonly>autocollapse</includeonly>}}} |
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|group1 = [[Languages of Africa|Africa]] |
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|list1 = |
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* '''[[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]]''' |
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* '''[[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]]''' |
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* [[Khoe–Kwadi languages|Khoe–Kwadi]] |
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* [[Kx'a languages|Kx'a]] |
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* '''[[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]]''' |
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* '''[[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]]'''? |
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* [[Tuu languages|Tuu]] |
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* [[Mande languages|Mande]]? |
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* [[Songhay languages|Songhay]]? |
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* [[Ijaw languages|Ijaw]]? |
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* [[Ubangian languages|Ubangian]]? |
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* [[Kadu languages|Kadu]]? |
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|group2 = [[Languages of Europe|Europe]]<br/ >and [[Languages of Asia|Asia]] |
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|list2 = |
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* '''[[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]]''' |
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* [[Ainu languages|Ainu]] |
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* '''[[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]]''' |
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* '''[[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]]''' |
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* [[Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages|Chukotko-Kamchatkan]] |
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* '''[[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]]''' |
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* [[Eskimo–Aleut languages|Eskimo–Aleut]] |
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* ''[[Great Andamanese languages|Great Andamanese]]'' |
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* '''[[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien]]''' |
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* ''[[Hurro-Urartian languages|Hurro-Urartian]]'' |
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* '''[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]''' |
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* [[Japonic languages|Japonic]] |
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* [[Kartvelian languages|Kartvelian]] |
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* [[Koreanic languages|Koreanic]] |
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* '''[[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]]''' |
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* [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] |
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* [[Nivkh languages|Nivkh]] |
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* '''[[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]]''' |
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* [[Northwest Caucasian languages|Northwest Caucasian]] |
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* [[Ongan languages|Ongan]] |
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* '''[[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]]''' |
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* [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] |
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* '''[[Turkic languages|Turkic]]''' |
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* ''[[Tyrsenian languages|Tyrsenian]]'' |
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* '''[[Uralic languages|Uralic]]''' |
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* [[Yeniseian languages|Yeniseian]] |
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* [[Yukaghir languages|Yukaghir]] |
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* [[Digaro languages|Digaro]]? |
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* [[Hrusish languages|Hrusish]]? |
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* [[Kho-Bwa languages|Kho-Bwa]]? |
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* [[Miju languages|Miju]]? |
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* [[Siangic languages|Siangic]]? |
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|group3 = [[Papuan languages|New Guinea]]<br />and the Pacific |
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|list3 = |
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* [[Arai–Samaia languages|Arai–Samaia]] |
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* '''[[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]]''' |
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* [[Binanderean–Goilalan languages|Binanderean–Goilalan]] |
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* [[Border languages (New Guinea)|Border]] |
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* [[Bulaka River languages|Bulaka River]] |
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* [[Central Solomon languages|Central Solomons]] |
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* [[Chimbu–Wahgi languages|Chimbu–Wahgi]] |
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* [[Doso–Turumsa languages|Doso–Turumsa]] |
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* [[East Geelvink Bay languages|East Geelvink Bay]] |
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* [[East New Britain languages|East New Britain]] |
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* [[East Strickland languages|East Strickland]] |
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* [[Eleman languages|Eleman]] |
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* [[Engan languages|Engan]] |
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* [[Fas languages|Fas]] |
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* [[Kaure–Kosare languages|Kaure–Kosare]] |
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* [[Kiwaian languages|Kiwaian]] |
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* [[Kutubuan languages|Kutubuan]] |
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* [[Kwomtari languages|Kwomtari]] |
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* [[Lakes Plain languages|Lakes Plain]] |
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* [[Lower Mamberamo languages|Lower Mamberamo]] |
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* [[Lower Sepik languages|Lower Sepik]] |
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* '''[[Madang languages|Madang]]''' |
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* [[Mairasi languages|Mairasi]] |
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* [[North Bougainville languages|North Bougainville]] |
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* [[Pauwasi languages|Pauwasi]] |
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* '''[[Ramu languages|Ramu]]''' |
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* [[Senagi languages|Senagi]] |
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* [[Sentani languages|Sentani]] |
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* '''[[Sepik languages|Sepik]]''' |
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* [[Skou languages|Skou]] |
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* [[South Bougainville languages|South Bougainville]] |
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* [[Teberan languages|Teberan]] |
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* [[Tor–Kwerba–Nimboran languages|Tor–Kwerba–Nimboran]] |
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* '''[[Torricelli languages|Torricelli]]''' |
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* [[Trans-Fly languages|Trans-Fly]] |
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* '''[[Trans–New Guinea languages|Trans–New Guinea]]''' |
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* [[Turama–Kikorian languages|Turama–Kikorian]] |
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* [[Upper Yuat languages|Upper Yuat]] |
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* [[West Papuan languages|West Papuan]] |
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* [[Yam languages|Yam]] |
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* [[Yawa languages|Yawa]] |
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* [[Yuat languages|Yuat]] |
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* [[Northwest Papuan languages|Northwest Papuan]]? |
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* [[Papuan Gulf languages|Papuan Gulf]]? |
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|group4 = [[Australian Aboriginal languages|Australia]] |
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|list4 = |
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* [[Macro-Gunwinyguan languages|Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan]]? |
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* [[Bunuban languages|Bunuban]] |
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* ''[[Darwin Region languages|Darwin Region]]''? |
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* ''[[Eastern Daly languages|Eastern Daly]]'' |
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* ''[[Eastern Tasmanian languages|Eastern Tasmanian]]'' |
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* [[Garawan languages|Garawan]] |
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* [[Iwaidjan languages|Iwaidjan]] |
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* [[Jarrakan languages|Jarrakan]] |
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* ''[[Marrku–Wurrugu languages|Marrku–Wurrugu]]''? |
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* [[Mirndi languages|Mirndi]] |
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* ''[[Northern Tasmanian languages|Northern Tasmanian]]'' |
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* ''[[Northeastern Tasmanian languages|Northeastern Tasmanian]]'' |
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* [[Nyulnyulan languages|Nyulnyulan]] |
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* '''[[Pama–Nyungan languages|Pama–Nyungan]]''' |
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* [[Southern Daly languages|Southern Daly]]? |
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* [[Tangkic languages|Tangkic]] |
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* [[Wagaydyic languages|Wagaydyic]] |
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* [[Western Daly languages|Western Daly]] |
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* ''[[Western Tasmanian languages|Western Tasmanian]]'' |
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* [[Worrorran languages|Worrorran]] |
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* [[Wardaman language|Yangmanic]] (incl. [[Wagiman language|Wagiman]])? |
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|group5 = [[Indigenous languages of the Americas|North<br/ >America]] |
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|list5 = |
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* '''[[Algic languages|Algic]]''' |
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* ''[[Alsea language|Alsea]]'' |
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* [[Caddoan languages|Caddoan]] |
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* ''[[Chimakuan languages|Chimakuan]]'' |
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* ''[[Chinookan languages|Chinookan]]'' |
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* ''[[Chumashan languages|Chumashan]]'' |
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* ''[[Comecrudan languages|Comecrudan]]'' |
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* ''[[Coosan languages|Coosan]]'' |
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* [[Eskimo–Aleut languages|Eskimo–Aleut]] |
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* [[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]] |
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* ''[[Kalapuyan languages|Kalapuyan]]'' |
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* [[Keresan languages|Keresan]] |
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* ''[[Maiduan languages|Maiduan]]'' |
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* [[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]] |
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* '''[[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]]''' |
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* ''[[Palaihnihan languages|Palaihnihan]]'' |
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* [[Plateau Penutian languages|Plateau Penutian]] |
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* [[Pomoan languages|Pomoan]] |
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* [[Salishan languages|Salishan]] |
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* ''[[Shastan languages|Shastan]]'' |
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* [[Siouan languages|Siouan]] |
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* [[Tanoan languages|Tanoan]] |
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* [[Tsimshianic languages|Tsimshianic]] |
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* [[Utian languages|Utian]] |
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* '''[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]''' |
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* [[Wakashan languages|Wakashan]] |
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* ''[[Wintuan languages|Wintuan]]'' |
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* ''[[Yuki–Wappo languages|Yukian]]'' |
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* [[Yuman–Cochimí languages|Yuman–Cochimí]] |
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|group6 = [[Mesoamerican languages|Mesoamerica]] |
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|list6 = |
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* [[Chibchan languages|Chibchan]] |
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* [[Jicaquean languages|Jicaquean]] |
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* ''[[Lencan languages|Lencan]]'' |
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* '''[[Mayan languages|Mayan]]''' |
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* [[Misumalpan languages|Misumalpan]] |
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* [[Mixe–Zoque languages|Mixe–Zoque]] |
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* '''[[Oto-Manguean languages|Oto-Manguean]]''' |
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* [[Tequistlatecan languages|Tequistlatecan]] |
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* [[Totonacan languages|Totonacan]] |
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* '''[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]''' |
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* ''[[Xincan languages|Xincan]]'' |
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|group7 = [[Indigenous languages of the Americas|South<br/ >America]] |
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|list7 = |
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* [[Arawan languages|Arauan]] |
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* [[Araucanian languages|Araucanian]] |
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* '''[[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]]''' |
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* [[Arutani–Sape languages|Arutani–Sape]] |
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* [[Aymaran languages|Aymaran]] |
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* [[Barbacoan languages|Barbacoan]] |
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* [[Boran languages|Boran]] |
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* [[Cahuapanan languages|Cahuapanan]] |
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* [[Cariban languages|Cariban]] |
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* ''[[Catacaoan languages|Catacaoan]]'' |
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* [[Chapacuran languages|Chapacuran]] |
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* ''[[Charruan languages|Charruan]]'' |
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* [[Chibchan languages|Chibchan]] |
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* [[Choco languages|Choco]] |
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* [[Chonan languages|Chonan]] |
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* [[Guaicuruan languages|Guaicuruan]] |
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* [[Guajiboan languages|Guajiboan]] |
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* [[Harákmbut–Katukinan languages|Harákmbut–Katukinan]] |
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* ''[[Jirajaran languages|Jirajaran]]'' |
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* [[Jivaroan languages|Jivaroan]] |
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* [[Katembri–Taruma languages|Katembri–Taruma]] |
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* [[Mascoian languages|Mascoian]] |
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* [[Matacoan languages|Matacoan]] |
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* [[Nadahup languages|Nadahup]] |
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* [[Nambikwaran languages|Nambikwaran]] |
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* [[Otomákoan languages|Otomákoan]] |
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* [[Pano-Tacanan languages|Pano-Tacanan]] |
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* [[Peba–Yaguan languages|Peba–Yaguan]] |
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* '''[[Quechuan languages|Quechuan]]''' |
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* [[Piaroa–Saliban languages|Piaroa–Saliban]] |
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* [[Ticuna–Yuri languages|Ticuna–Yuri]] |
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* [[Timotean languages|Timotean]] |
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* [[Tiniguan languages|Tiniguan]] |
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* [[Tucanoan languages|Tucanoan]] |
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* '''[[Tupian languages|Tupian]]''' |
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* [[Uru–Chipaya languages|Uru–Chipaya]] |
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* [[Witotoan languages|Witotoan]] |
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* [[Yanomaman languages|Yanomaman]] |
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* [[Zamucoan languages|Zamucoan]] |
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* [[Zaparoan languages|Zaparoan]] |
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* [[Bora–Witoto languages]]? |
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* [[Chimuan languages|Chimuan]]? |
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* [[Esmeralda–Yaruroan languages|Esmeralda–Yaruro]]? |
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* [[Hibito–Cholon languages|Hibito–Cholón]]? |
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* [[Lule–Vilela languages|Lule–Vilela]]? |
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* [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Jê]]? |
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* [[Tequiraca–Canichana languages|Tequiraca–Canichana]]? |
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{{Navbox|subgroup |
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|group1=Isolates <br />(extant in 2000) |
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|list1= |
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* [[Aikanã language|Aikanã]]? |
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* [[Alacalufan languages|Alacalufan]] |
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* [[Andoque language|Andoque]]? |
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* [[Camsá language|Camsá]] |
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* [[Candoshi-Shapra language|Candoshi]] |
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* [[Chimane language|Chimane]] |
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* [[Chiquitano language|Chiquitano]] |
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* [[Cofán language|Cofán]]? |
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* [[Fulniô language|Fulniô]] |
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* [[Guató language|Guató]] |
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* [[Hodï language|Hodï/Joti]] |
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* [[Irantxe language|Irantxe]]? |
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* [[Itonama language|Itonama]] |
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* ''[[Kunza language|Kunza]]'' |
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* [[Leco language|Leco]] |
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* ''[[Maku-Auari language|Maku-Auari of Roraima]]'' |
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* [[Movima language|Movima]] |
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* [[Mura language|Mura-Pirahã]] |
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* [[Nukak language|Nukak]]? |
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* [[Puinave language|Puinave]] |
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* [[Waorani language|Huaorani/Waorani]] |
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* [[Trumai language|Trumai]] |
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* [[Urarina language|Urarina]] |
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* [[Warao language|Warao]] |
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* [[Yaghan language|Yamana]] |
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* [[Yuracaré language|Yuracaré]] |
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}} |
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|group8 = [[Sign languages|Sign languages]] |
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|list8 = |
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* [[Arab sign-language family|Arab]] |
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* [[BANZSL]] |
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* [[Chinese Sign Language|Chinese]] |
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* '''[[French Sign Language family|Francosign]]''' |
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* [[German Sign Language family|Germanosign]] |
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* [[Indo-Pakistani Sign Language|Indo-Pakistani]] |
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* [[Japanese Sign Language family|Japanese]] |
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* [[Old Chiangmai–Bangkok Sign Language family|Original Thai]] |
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* [[Swedish Sign Language family|Swedish]] |
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* [[Tanzanian sign languages|Tanzanian]]? |
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|group9 = See also |
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|list9 = |
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* [[Language isolate]]s |
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* [[Unclassified language]]s |
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* [[Creole language|Creole]]s |
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* [[Pidgin]]s |
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* [[Mixed language]]s |
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* [[Constructed language|Artificial language]]s |
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|below = {{hlist |Families in ''italics'' have no living members. |Families with more than 30 languages are in '''bold'''.<!-- this number excludes families that are followed by a question mark -->}} |
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}} |
Latest revision as of 04:47, 2 May 2020
<languages>