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=== IOL 2004 Problem #4 Lakhota ===
Consider some words of Lakhota language (in Latin transliteration):
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|'''šuža'''||''it is badly bruised''
|-
|'''<math>\gamma</math>iγi'''||''it is brown''
|-
|'''m<sup>i</sup>niža'''||''it is curled but can be smoothed again''
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|'''g<sup>e</sup>leza'''||''it is ruled: <nowiki>| | |</nowiki>''
|-
|'''nu<math>\gamma</math>anuγa'''||''it is hard and immovable (e.g. a gnarl on a tree)''
|-
|'''m<sup>i</sup>ni<math>\gamma</math>aniγa'''||''it is shrunk permanently''
|-
|'''zi'''||''it is yellow''
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|'''kĩža'''||''a blending high-pitched tone sounds (e.g. a trill)''
|-
|'''g<sup>e</sup>le<math>\gamma</math>aleγa'''||''it is striped''
|}
 
'''(a)''' Match the following words with their translations given in misarranged order:
<center> '''k'e<math>\gamma</math>aeγa, k'eza, p<sup>h</sup>ešniža, suza, xu<math>\gamma</math>axuγa'''
 
''it sparks, it is fractured, the surface is in a scratched condition, it has a slight bruise, the surface is in a scraped condition''
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'''(c)''' Explain the meaning of the word '''ži'''.
 
⚠ The letter ''x'' is pronounced similarly to English ''h'' as in ''hard''; the letter''<math>\gamma</math>γ'' is the devoiced correlate of ''x''; ''š'' and ''ž'' are pronounced similarly to ''sh'' as in ''shoe'' and ''s'' as in ''pleasure'', respectively. The letters ''k<nowiki>'</nowiki>'' and ''p<sup>h</sup>'' signify specific Lakhota consonants, and ''ĩ'', ''<sup>i</sup>'', ''<sup>e</sup>'' signify specific Lakhota vowels. Lakhóta is an Indian language (Siou family). It is spoken by 6000 people in the USA and Canada.
 
—Ivan A. Derzhanski
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