Problem:IOL/2007/i5/en
IOL 2007 Problem #5 Turkish and Tatar
Given are pairs of cognate words of two closely related languages — Turkish and Tatar. Some words have been left out:
| Turkish | Tartar | Translation |
| bandır | mandır | dip! |
| yelken | cilkän | sail |
| onuncu | unınçı | tenth |
| baytar | baytar | vet |
| yiğirmi | yegerme | twenty |
| bencil | minçel | selfish |
| güreş | köräş | wrestling |
| işlesem | eşläsäm | if I work |
| büyük | böyek | great |
| yıldırım | yıldırım | lightning |
| bunda | monda | in this, here |
| yetiştir | citeşter | convey! |
| göğer | kügär | become blue! |
| bozacı | buzaçı | boza handler |
| gerekli | kiräkle | necessary |
| boyun | muyın | neck |
| uzun | ozın | long |
| yöneliş | yünäleş | direction |
| osta | master | |
| küzänäk | pore | |
| yılan | snake | |
| yedişer | seven each | |
| bilezik | bracelet | |
| üstünde | on top of | |
| bin | mount! | |
| yumru | lump, swelling |
(a) Fill the gaps.
⚠ The letters ä, ı, ö, ü stand for specific vowels (the first two are not unlike the ones in cat and bird respectively), while ğ is a specific Turkish consonant; c, ç, ş, y are pronounced as the initial consonants in jet, chip, ship, yet. Boza is a weakly alcoholic drink made from millet.
—Ivan Derzhanski