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(Created page with "=== IOL 2008 Problem #2 Old Norse === The following are four excerpts from Old Norse poems composed around 900 C.E. All of them are written using the meter named ''dróttkvæt...")
 
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⚠ Old Norse is a North Germanic language which was in use approximately between 700 an 1100 C.E.
'''æ''' ≈ English ''a'' in ''cat'', '''œ''' = French ''eu'' or German ''ö'' (these letters stand for long vowels). '''ø''' is read as a short '''œ'''; '''y''' = French ''u'' or German ''ü'', '''ǫ''' is an open ''o''. '''au''' and '''ei''' are pronounced as a single syllable. '''ð''' and '''þ''' = English ''th'' in ''this'' and ''thin'' respectively. '''x''' = '''k''' + '''s'''. The mark '''ˊ''' denotes vowel length. All samples of poetry in the problem are given in a normalized orthography and conform to the rules of the genre.
 
—Alexander Piperski
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