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IOL 2011 Problem #1 Menominee
Given are verb forms of the Menominee language as well as their English translations:
| kewǣpeqtaq | we1+2 begin |
| kawāham | he fells it by tool |
| nepītohnæm | I walk here (to this place) |
| kēskenam | he breaks it through by hand |
| pahkǣsam | he cuts it off |
| kekǣtohnæq | we1+2 walk out |
| pītenam | he passes it here |
| kewǣpānæhkæq | we1+2 begin to dig |
| tawǣsam | he cuts a hole in it |
| nekǣtahan | I pry it out by tool |
| pāhkaham | he opens it by tool (by raising a lid or opening a door) |
| kekēskahtæq | we1+2 bite it through |
| wackōhnæw | he walks roundabout, by a detour |
| newāckesan | I cut around it |
| ketǣnam | he takes it out by hand |
| ketāwahtæq | we1+2 bite, gnaw a hole in it |
| wǣpohnæw | he begins walking |
| nekāweqtam | I lie down |
| pāhkeqtaw | he opens up |
| kepītahtæq | we1+2 come eating it; we1+2 bring it in our mouths |
| nekāwāhpem | I fall over laughing |
(a) Translate into English: kekēskahæq, nepāhkenan, wǣpāhpew. If in some cases you believe that more than one translation is possible, give them all.
(b) Translate into Menominee:
- I begin to eat it
- we1+2 lay it flat by hand
- he digs a hole
- he walks out
⚠ The Menominee Indians live in Wisconsin, USA. They number 5000-10 000 people, but the eponymous language of the Algonquian family is only spoken by a few dozen of the oldest among them, although effort has been put lately into expanding its teaching and use. we1+2 = we and you. æ ≈ a in crack, c = ch in church, q is a consonant (the so-called glottal stop). The mark ̄ denotes vowel length.
—Ivan Derzhanski